An empirical study of multiple direct international listings

In this study, we examine the multiple direct foreign-listing by analyzing characteristics of listing firms as well as hosting and home countries. Our results show that listing premium increases over time, but this premium diminishes as the firm lists in additional foreign markets. Multiple listing is closely related to the firm's ability to list, but does not translate into better future or higher returns. Additionally, we find no evidence to support the bonding hypothesis. We conclude that firms list in additional foreign countries to take advantage of higher valuation to raise capital more cheaply, rather than to benefit from a better legal environment.