Analyst Coverage and Earnings Management

What is the role of information intermediaries in corporate governance? This paper examines equity analysts' influence on managers' earnings management decisions. Do analysts serve as external monitors to managers, or do they put excessive pressure on managers? Using multiple measures of earnings management, I find that firms followed by more analysts manage their earnings less. To address potential endogeneity problem of analyst coverage, I use two instrumental variables that are based on change in broker size and on firm's inclusion in the S&P 500 index, and find that the result is robust. Finally, given the size of coverage, analysts from top brokers and more experienced analysts have stronger effect against earnings management