Assessing Urban Environmental Management Practice with a Scalar Approach. The Shanghai Case

Shanghai's urban environmental management in the past three decades has been focused primarily on the environmental problems at the intra-urban level. While this 'end of pipe' approach greatly mitigated domestic and industrial pollution, progresses were much slower in dealing with environmental impacts both at a smaller (i.e., those related to people's daily activities) scale and at a larger (i.e., those related to inter-urban/regional or global issues) scale. Urban environmental management policies in Shanghai and China should prioritize and address urban environmental impacts at continuous geographic scales to achieve long-term 'triple bottom line' sustainability.