Asymmetric Bertrand-Edgeworth Oligopoly and Mergers

This paper investigates mixed strategy equilibria in a capacity-constrained price competition among three firms. It is shown that the equilibria in an asymmetric oligopoly are substantially different from those in a duopoly and symmetric oligopoly. In an asymmetric triopoly, it is possible that (i) a continuum of equilibria exists and that (ii) the lowest price of the smallest firm is higher than that of the others and the smallest firm earns more than the max-min profit in undominated strategies. In particular, the second finding sheds light on a new pricing incentive in Bertrand competitions. As an application, the equilibrium characterizations give rise to a new class of merger paradoxes.