Automatic Certification or Mandatory Representation Votes? How the choice of union recogntion procedure affects union certification success.
Cross-section time-series analysis of nine Canadian jurisdictions over nineteen years is used to identify the effect of mandatory votes/card check on certification success. The results indicate that mandatory votes reduce certification success rates by approximately 9 percentage points below what they would have been under card check. This result is robust across specifications and significant at above the 99 per cent confidence level.