Average Model of Dual Active Bridge Interfacing Ultra-Capacitor in Electrical Vehicle

In this paper a new bidirectional DC-DC converter is proposed to transfer energy between ultra-capacitor and DC bus in electric vehicle. The work presents the average model of this converter. The last model is used to calculate the small signal and transient characteristics of the converter. The derived small signal model can be developed by the transfer function between the output voltage and the duty cycle. The PI controller is designed to regulate the output voltage at desired voltage in the closed loop under load and input voltage variations with a short time response.