Balancing to Utopia : Multinationals in Oligarchies

This chapter extends the obsolescing bargaining model (OBM) (associated with international joint ventures in authoritarian states) to show how it is relevant to multinational companies (MNCs) operating in evolving non-democratic oligarchic regimes. Using four critical cases from international businesses in Turkey and Russia, the chapter demonstrates how the economic and attempted political transitions lead up to an international environment of heightened political risk. The heightened risk can be explained by the embeddedness of the original OBM in a triadic relationship between the MNC, the host government, and a local (private) business partner. This increased complexity in the foundational nature of the OBM is what exposes international businesses to many more threat points. These could be increasing with democratization, making the business environment less predictable and thus more uncertain for managers to navigate in. ‘Balancing to utopia’ or maintaining stable positive relations in the triad (MNC–host government–local business partner) as prescribed by network theory may be the best strategy in oligarchies towards reducing political risk