Capacity and Incentive Factors Affecting Individual Scientist’s Productivity: A Comparative and Multilevel Analysis of Nigeria and Ghana Agricultural Research Systems

This paper analyzes incentive and capacity factors that explain variations in research productivity among 344 agricultural scientists in Nigeria and 237 agricultural scientists in Ghana using multilevel analysis. Education level, years of experience, research linkages, and perceived adequacy of resources and management plans are consistently significant capacity factors in explaining productivity. Reported job satisfaction and reported staff’s happiness or satisfaction on organizational climate are statistically significant incentive factors.