A comparative study of renewable energy and electricity access policies and regulatory frameworks in the Indian Ocean Islands : the case of Mauritius, Seychelles, Madagascar and Comoros

The objective of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of energy policy, market design and regulatory practices in the Indian Ocean Islands. Based on this analysis, the study aims to identify implications for the transition to a sustainable energy system for the islands, where universal access to electricity is ensured. It maps the roles, responsibilities and instruments of various stakeholders, and studies the top-down and bottom-up renewable energy initiatives in the islands. Furthermore, it presents best practices that have been implemented by the islands and discuss their replicability locally and globally. An exploratory research approach has been applied, and various data sources have been utilised, including the country report prepared by participants in FSR blended training from the islands. We have also consulted international reports and energy databases including those from IRENA, the African Energy Commission (AFREC) and the World Bank. This was supplemented by one-on-one interviews and roundtable discussions on renewable energy and electrification with energy practitioners from the islands. Moreover, a survey was conducted to gather data regarding the regulatory governance system of the islands. Currently, Seychelles is revisiting its legal and regulatory frameworks; Madagascar is in the process of implementing new and amended regulations; Mauritius is in the process of operationalizing the newly set up regulatory body, whereas Comoros has yet to establish a new regulatory entity. Amidst these changes, this study can serve as a reference to initiate and support policy dialogues that are being undertaken under the leadership of the Indian Ocean Commission; and it can help identify specific topics that require further in-depth investigation. Moreover, the study contributes to the body of knowledge organised by IRENA through its SIDS lighthouse initiative The report is geared towards decision makers that are planning, designing or implementing policy or regulatory tools to integrate renewables and provide electrification for all. This includes national policymakers, energy regulatory authorities, energy utilities, rural electrification agencies and development organisations.