Comparing policy, regulations and institutions for geological disposal of radioactive waste and carbon dioxide

This paper compares the policy, regulatory and institutional (PRI) settings of Radioactive Waste (RW) and Carbon Dioxide (CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB>) disposal for selected countries. This comparison is premised on the following arguments: (a) the policy/political acceptance of nuclear power and coal power with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology to redress the climate change challenge will be essentially determined by the efficacy of the PRI settings; and (b) the existing discussion on these technologies is largely neglectful of the significance of these settings. The comparison suggests that: (a) while the overall PRI settings for RW and CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> disposal are generally fuzzy, discordant and fragmented, they are relatively well defined for RW disposal than for CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> disposal; and (b) PRI settings for RW and CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> disposal cannot be analysed in isolation from broader settings for nuclear and coal-CCS power, and - more importantly - in isolation from macro-level energy, economic, environmental and socio-political policy settings.