Computer simulation study of the cardiovascular and related physiological systems

This paper gives a brief overview of some of the present problems and achievements in cardiovascular modeling. Typical of most of the simulations described is a level of complexity such that all-analog simulation often requires too much equipment and all-digital simulation is often too slow. Thus, with today's technology, a hybrid computer is an essential simulation tool. Fortunately, in both the case of multiple model simulation, and that of parameter estimation, the describing equations may be logically divided into groups suitable for solution on the two parts of a hybrid computer, with the overall result that real time operation, or faster, is possible.