Curved Shaped Nanostructure of Neodymium Oxide and Their Cytotoxic Evaluation in Human Cancer Cells

Abstract Background Neodymium oxide exhibits a unique property, which facilitates and largely utilized as an industrial applications. Limited information is available to understand their biological activity. The present work was designed to understand the cytotoxicity against liver (HepG-2) and lung (A-549) cancer cells.Methods Initially, Neodymium oxides (Nd 2 O 3 ) were prepared and characterized with various instruments. The crystallinity and morphology of Nd 2 O 3 powder were examined with instruments such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) respectively, which revealed the size of Curved nanostructure are ~140±2 in diameter whereas length goes upto ~700 nm with elemental composition. The Cytotoxicity study was conducted with MTT, NRU assay with genotoxicity study via ROS, Cell cycle and qPCR analysis. Results The cells cytotoxic assesement were analysed via MTT(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyl tetra zolium Bromide) and Neutral Red Uptake ( NRU ) assay with neodymium oxide (Nd 2 O 3 ), which indicates the reduction in cell viability. Additionally, cell-cycle analysis showed an increase in the apoptotic peak after a 24-h. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) data revealed that apoptotic genes such as p53, bax, and caspase-3 were up regulated, whereas bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, was down regulated; therefore, apoptosis was mediated through ROS and genotoxicity pathways.Conclusion The experiments of cytotoxicity was tested and concludes that Nd 2 O 3 express a moderate and dose dependent effect on cancer cells. The ROS, cell cycle analysis and qPCR showed that Nd 2 O 3 exhibit the capability to cells death via ROS generation and genotoxicity study pathways