Da fazenda ao mundo: Como a rastreabilidade afeta o comércio internacional do agronegócio?

Traceability requirements aim to protect consumer health, prevent the spread of adulterated or dangerous products, and facilitate the identification of goods during recalls. This paper aims to provide the impact of traceability related non-tariff measures (NTMs) on trade between 53 exporting and 58 importing countries for 2,081 agribusiness goods and three specific sectors: Fruits, Meats and Fisheries. Using a structural gravity approach estimated by the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimator high-dimensional fixed effects. The general findings show that the same NTM can have different effects on agricultural trade. Measures A85 and B859 (multilateral information disclosure requirements) reported positive trade effects, while measures A85 and B852 (bilateral information disclosure requirements and processing history) proceeded negative effects. There is no consistent pattern of effects across type of NTMs, sectors, income levels of the countries involved, and between bilateral and multilateral measures. Our findings have important policy implications: research on NTMs must be individualized and that their effects are not to be generalized. Therefore, recommendations for trade policy measures should also be adapted to the product level and traceability requirements, to identify trade barriers and propose target policies.