This paper commences with a discussion on those crimes that may fall within the broad group often referred to as “new forms and manifestations” of crime. It continues with consideration of possible data sources and methodologies for measurement, illustrated by examples including the illicit drug market in the Americas and the phenomenon of cybercrime. From a descriptive perspective, such new forms and manifestations of crime frequently involve the illicit movement of persons, goods, or other commodities, such as computer data, usually for monetary gain. The complexity and logistical challenges of these modi operandi mean that new forms and manifestations of crime may often be perpetrated by groups that meet the UNTOC definition of an “organized criminal group”. As such, information is commonly sought on groups, markets, and financial flows with a view to characterising who (and how many) are involved in what (and how much). Information of this type will usually need to be of a cross-national nature and it has been proposed that the combination of data sources offers a strong approach to measurement of the nature and extent of new and complex crimes. An understanding of all of groups, markets, and financial flows has implications for the response to new forms and manifestations of crime. An understanding, for example, of routes where migrant smugglers operate can result in targeted prevention measures, including those aimed at potential employers in identified destination countries. An understanding of organized criminal group structure, supply, demand, and financial flows associated with drug markets can direct demand and supply reduction efforts and law enforcement interventions. Similarly, an understanding of the extent of different acts constituting cybercrime can inform awareness-raising and prevention amongst potential victims. Overall, whilst both definitions and measurement methodologies in this area are challenging, a systematic yet innovative approach that recognizes the comparative strengths of a range of data sources can begin to provide insights into the most hidden and yet, often, pervasive and destructive, forms of crime
