Determining variability of willingness to pay for Japan’s antiglobal-warming policies: a comparison of contingent valuation surveys

The present study estimates the benefit of Japanese Government antiglobal-warming policies using a contingent valuation (CV) method. The study focuses on the range of variability in answers due to changes in CV question conditions and assesses the usability of benefit estimation based on CV. Changing the amount of information on global warming given to the respondents, survey times, and survey areas did not significantly alter willingness to pay (WTP) values. In contrast, WTP values were systematically influenced by the anchoring effect of the preceding evaluation task. Repetition of surveys to the same individuals tended to diminish WTP values. Copyright Springer Japan 2008