Development of industrial estates, ports and metropolitan and alternative roads in the Greater Hanoi Area

This paper outlined the urbanization as well as the development of the industrial parks and transportation infrastructure in the Greater Hanoi area. It is worth to note that the transportation infrastructure in Greater Hanoi has been growing very fast during the past 20 years. It has not, however, caught up with the rapid urbanization and industrial park development. The low-capacity and ill-harmonized transportation infrastructure is considered a huge obstacle to the economic development of the Greater Hanoi area. This has given rise to conflicts such as traffic congestion, traffic accidents, pollution (roadway noise and air pollution by motor vehicles), suspended plans and ghost estates.