Differences in Managerial Values: A Study of U.S., Hong Kong and PRC Managers

In this study of convergence/divergence of managerial values, four Western-developed measures (Machiavellianism, locus of control, intolerance of ambiguity and dogmatism) and the four dimensions of the Eastern-developed Chinese Value Survey (Confucian dynamism, human-heartedness, integration, and moral discipline) were the measures used. The findings indicate that often times both culture and the business environment interact to create a unique set of managerial values in a country.© 1993 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1993) 24, 249–275