Do Temporary Increases in Information Asymmetry Affect the Cost of Equity?

Prior literature finds that long-lasting changes in firms' disclosure policies and information environment affect the cost of equity. Information asymmetry, however, also changes during the fiscal quarter. Firms disclose information periodically, and in between disclosure dates traders can obtain private information and adverse selection risk increases. Such temporary increases in information asymmetry are usually considered to be diversifiable or too small to impact returns. For example, investors have the option to postpone trades or sell other assets in their portfolio on high information asymmetry days. We, however, find that returns increase substantially on days during the fiscal quarter when adverse-selection risk is high and liquidity low. Consistent with theory, we show that temporary asymmetry affects returns when investors demand liquidity and market makers bear risk for carrying capacity and providing it