Does Analyst Stock Ownership Affect Reporting Behavior?

An analyst who owns stock in the company she covers may be tempted to protect or enhance her personal interests. I examine how this conflict of interest affects the reporting of sell-side analysts. I identify and collect two samples, the first from SEC Form 144 filings, and the second from voluntary ownership disclosures. Ordered probit analyses show that owning-analyst recommendations are slightly more cautious than those of the control analysts but returns tests suggest the market generally does not react differentially to the two groups. I find little robust evidence that stock ownership leads to optimistic analyst reporting, however I do find that analysts who are consistently optimistic are owners