Does Europe Need Its Own Rating Agencies?

Monetary unions generally boost financial markets. But European private capital markets have progressed at an unsatisfactory pace even with the euro. What accounts for this? We focus on an increasingly key financial infrastructure: Rating Agencies (RAs). Taking an international perspective, we show that: (i) financial market development increases with the presence of national RAs; (ii) in four studied Asian countries, smaller-sized companies disproportionately hold a rating from national RAs, while disregarding the global RAs (Moody's, S&P, Fitch). We argue that the absence of European RAs may currently limit the extent of rated companies and financial market evolution in Euroland