Dynamical screening of long-range interactions in charged and gravitating plasmas: alternating effective potential

The effect of Debye–Hückel exponential screening of the Coulomb potential of a static charge is a widely known phenomenon of a system of oppositely charged particles. There is no such effect in gravitating systems. The situation alters radically for the case of moving charged or gravitating body. The motion of the body gives rise to disturbances of density of charges or masses in the system and in consequence, the effective (renormalised) potential of the body is determined taking into account the resulting configuration of charges or masses in the vicinity of this body. A heat motion of the test charge induces the exponentially damping oscillating-effective alternating potential. As a result, negatively charged colloid particles in an electrolyte can attract each other, which gives rise to the formation of a lattice structure. The effective potential in gravitating systems was found to be damping oscillating too, resulting in the observable lattice structure of the universe.