Effective Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Landfill Gases Using a Modified Iron Pentacarbonyl Desulfurization Agent and the Desulfurization Mechanism

High-efficiency desulfurization is key to the recovery and use of landfill gases. In this study, a nano-iron oxide desulfurization agent modified from iron pentacarbonyl was prepared in n-decane (DE) and hexadecane (HE) by ultrasonic disruption without any supporting materials and its hydrogen sulfide removal ability and desulfurization mechanism were studied. The yield of the desulfurization agent was higher when HE was used as the solvent; however, the products generated by both solvents had the same crystal type and similar properties. The efficiency of the desulfurization agent was significantly improved at 150–200 °C, exceeding 90% at 150 °C with single sulfur production. The maximum sulfur adsorption capacity of the desulfurization agent produced after 3 h of DE ultrasonic treatment at 200 °C (DE3) was 492 mg/g (desulfurization efficiency = 97.33%), while that of the agent produced after 3 h of HE ultrasonic treatment at 250 °C (HE3) was 522 mg/g (desulfurization efficiency = 99.30%). The desulfurization reaction involved both chemical adsorption and catalytic decomposition and the catalytic decomposition reaction rate was lower than that of chemical adsorption. Therefore, the more FexSy produced in the chemical adsorption process, the better catalytic performance was