Abstract: Low soil fertility is the main factor limiting ecological restoration in coal mining reclamation areas. To improve the nutrient status and microbial community structure of reclaimed soil in coal mining areas, we tested a management strategy of combining functional microbial agents, organic fertilizer and straw to amend reclaimed soil. With CK as the control, B as a functional microbial agent, M as organic fertilizer, and S as straw, trials were set up with 6 treatments (CK, M, S, B, B + M, and B + S). Our results showed that compared with the treatment groups with no microbial agent added (NMA: CK, M, S), the treatment group with the microbial agent (MA: B, BM, BS) had an increased abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi, and the activities of C, N and P acquisition enzymes were significantly increased. The addition of microbial agents significantly changed the community structure of bacteria and fungi, increased the number of copiotrophic microorganisms such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Mortierellomycota, and significantly changed the indicator microbial composition. Network analysis showed that the application of microbial agents increased the scale and complexity of the bacterial and fungal co-occurrence network. The MA treatment group had more microbial modules related to N and C function, and the topological effects of key microorganisms were significantly different among different treatments, and more key soil groups were involved in soil nutrient management. There was a significant correlation between soil bacterial and fungal community structures and pH, TN and AP, and the soil nutrient content increased the most in the B + M treatment. Therefore, the addition of functional microbial agents, especially in combination with organic fertilizer, can significantly improve the contents of soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, bacterial functional activity and beneficial bacterial abundance in reclaimed soil, which is important for the rapid improvement of reclaimed soil fertility in coal mining areas
