Electrochemical Modeling of a Thermal Management System for Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Considering Battery Capacity Fade

Battery capacity fade analysis was conducted to enhance both battery life and safety for different battery thermal managements including natural convection cooling, forced convection cooling, finned-natural convection cooling, PCM cooling, and liquid cooling channels combined with PCM. The numerical model was developed based on Newman’s pseudo two-dimensional model, which included the generation of electrochemical heat. The model was validated with the data available in the literature. The capacity fade analysis showed that the temperature limit of 45°C had the least negative impact on the battery life during charge/discharge cycles. In addition, the capacity fade was considerable as the battery temperature rose, showing 70% capacity loss after 500 cycles at 55°C. The PCM integrated to the cooling system resulted in much uniform temperature distribution in the battery pack, but required additional heat dissipation mechanism. PCM cooling with liquid cooling channels could satisfy both temperature limits and enhance the performance of the battery thermal management system significantly