Emerging Issues in Financial Development : Lessons from Latin America

Since the 1990s, the financial systems in developing and developed countries have gained in soundness, depth, and diversity, prompted in part by a series of financial sector and macroeconomic reforms aimed at fostering a market-driven economy in which finance plays a central role. Latin America has been one of the regions at the forefront of these changes and offers a good laboratory of where the challenges in financial development lie. Despite all the gains in financial development, there is still a nagging contrast between the intensity of financial sector reforms implemented over the past 20 years in many countries and the actual size and depth of their financial systems. In the case of Latin America, in many respects it remains underdeveloped by international comparisons. This book studies in detail the recent history of financial sector development and reforms in Latin America, in comparison to other developing and developed countries, to shed light on the key obstacles for financial development. Rather than going in detail into sector-specific issues, the book focuses on the main architectural issues, overall perspectives, and interconnections. Its value added thus hinges on its holistic view of the development process, its broad coverage of the financial services industry (not just banking), its emphasis on comparisons and benchmarking, its systemic perspective, and its explicit effort to incorporate the lessons from the recent global financial crisis. The book is divided into three main parts. The first presents a stock taking exercise to ascertain where Latin America's financial development lies-analyzing in more detail some of the reasons and policy implications underlying its banking depth and equity liquidity gaps. The second part revisits two themes that are central to the region's financial development: long-term finance and the