Enduring inequality: Labour market outcomes of the immigrant second generation in Germany

Exploiting the 2005 Mikrozensus, the first dataset to allow the full disaggregation of different immigrant origin groups in Germany, this paper examines the effect of context of reception, citizenship, and intermarriage on the labor force participation, employment, and occupational status of the children of immigrants in Germany. Most second generation men have much higher unemployment than native Germans, even after controlling for human capital. Disadvantage is less pronounced among second generation women, and among the employed. There is considerable heterogeneity across immigrant origins, but citizenship and intermarriage have only modest impacts.