Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Apple Snail Exposed to Spinel Co3o4 Nanoparticles

Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) are used in various devices including magnetic and energy storage, sensors, pigments, and catalysts which caused their enhanced production and use. In this work, toxicity of Co3O4 NPs on fresh water edible snail Pila virens . A total of ten P. virens were selected for acute toxicity studies (96 h) were performed and the lethal concentration (LC 50 ) for Co3O4 NPs was found to be 509.45µg/L. Based on the LC 50 value P. virens were exposed to ½ (254 µg/L) and ¼ (127 µg/L) of LC 50 concentration for 24 h. The current findings revealed that upon exposure of P. virens to ½ and ¼ of LC 50 concentration of Co 3 O 4 NPs showed an increased lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione sulfotransferase, and reduction in reduced glutathione content in a dose-dependent manner in contrast to their respective controls