Evolution, modelling, and design in a complex world

A new paradigm involving evolution and change through the concept of dissipative structures has been developed in recent years in the physical sciences. This paradigm has profound implications for prediction, for design, and for models which purport to explain how complex systems develop. The potential of these ideas is illustrated by showing how the concept of evolution through bifurcation can be used to explain the development of form. Particular reference is made to origami, which clearly shows how the new theory involves qualitative rather than quantitative change. These ideas are further illustrated through models of the evolution of microeconomic markets and urban systems.