Exploring proactiveness as a moderator in the process of perceiving industrial munificence : a field study of SMEs in four countries

Utilizing information processing theory, we investigated the role that proactiveness plays in the organizational process of perceiving objective industrial munificence. Specifically, we examined the moderating effect of proactiveness in the munificence perception process, as well as the mediating impact of perceived munificence on the relationship between objective munificence and firm performance. Data collected from 227 companies in four countries and seven manufacturing industries support both hyptheses. The implications of these findings for managerial practice and future research are discussed.