Extent of Undeclared Work in the European Union

This report is an update of the 2017 European Platform tackling undeclared work report that provided estimates of undeclared work in the private sector for 2013. Employing the same methodology, this study provides estimates on the prevalence of undeclared work in the European Union (EU) in 2019.The finding is that in 2019, 11.1 % of total labour input in the private sector in the EU is undeclared (11.6 % in 2013), and undeclared work accounts for 14.8 % of gross value added (GVA) in the private sector (16.4 % in 2013). However, these are unweighted averages, not considering the relative size of the labour force in each Member State. The weighted averages are that 9.7 % of total labour input in the private sector in the EU is undeclared (10.2 % in 2013), and undeclared work constitutes 14.6 % of GVA in the private sector (14.9 % in 2013)