“Flying Geese” Paradigm: Review, Analytical Tool, and Application

The paradigm of the "Flying Geese" (FG) industrialization pattern is often referred to in the process of industrialization in the Southeast Asia region. This paper consists of three main sections: literature study, empirical analytical tool, and application with the Southeast Asia case study. Firstly, the paper discusses the paradigm of FG industrialization starting from Akamatsu's early concept to the modern concept of "multi-sequentialist". Secondly, this paper proposes an empirical analysis tool ("Product Mapping") which is a combination of the main variables in the FG paradigm, dynamic comparative advantage and net-export or net-import. Two indicators of Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and Trade Balance Index (TBI) are used. Thirdly, the empirical analysis tool is then applied to analyze the FG paradigm in the ASEAN region. We find that the flying geese paradigm have occurred in the ASEAN with the slow “catching up” process.