Fragmentação e concentração burocrática da política econômica no Brasil: Morfologia e evolução das estruturas estatais de gestão das políticas fiscal, monetária e orçamentária (1990-2018)

The Brazilian state is often viewed as inefficient and captured by economic interest groups and bureaucratic elites, leading to crony capitalism and clientelism. This has hindered the implementation of growth-inducing economic policies and contributed to a decline in productivity and economic growth. In contrast, the state has played a central role in the rapid economic growth of some Asian countries, through agencies such as MITI and EPA in Japan and through its interaction with the market in Taiwan and other countries. This has involved state intervention in the economy as a minority investor and the acceleration of technological progress, leading to increased productivity and growth. However, the Brazilian state may be able to overcome these challenges and play a more active role in economic development through policy measures such as industrial policy and innovation policy. This study aims to examine the morphology and evolution of the organizational structures of the Brazilian state from 1990 to 2018, specifically focusing on the ministries and their affiliated entities responsible for formulating and executing fiscal, monetary, and budget policies. The hypothesis is that the influence of certain economic interests on these policies is partially determined by the configuration of state structures, including the autonomy of bureaucracy in relation to these interests. The study will consider the role of political representation, social coalitions, and the importance of sectors and business groups in the domestic economy. The ultimate goal is to understand the extent to which these factors shape the relationship between state structures and economic interests, particularly in regards to fiscal and monetary policies and resource allocation.