From legacy to the future: Incentivising demand migration through access fees

In this paper, we analyze how wholesale access fees of a crucial input can be utilized to influence demands for products of different technologies and the deployment sequence between an incumbent and entrant firm. In a setting of multi-product competition with horizontally differentiated products we find that the access fee gives rise to asymmetric pricing incentives for the entrant firm if she offers a legacy and new product in parallel. The entrant's price for the new product decreases in the access fee while its legacy price increases with the aim to induce intra-brand legacy-to-new migration of demand. Fur- thermore, a regulator can depart from the socially optimal access fee and use this entrant's pricing channel to effectively promote demand side take-up of the new technology. Lastly, it is welfare beneficial in a sequential deployment process, that the entrant moves first to introduce the new technology while such a move can be fostered by a strategic use of the access fee that lowers profits from competition based on legacy products.