From Policy to Practice Implementing Equitable Literacy

This chapter delves into the challenges and strategies surrounding the implementation of literacy policies in India, particularly in marginalized communities. Despite significant increases in national literacy rates—from 52.2% in 1991 to 77.7% in 2021—India faces persistent inequalities in literacy outcomes. This chapter examines the key obstacles that impede the transition from policy intent to practical impact, including infrastructural deficiencies, socio-economic barriers, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. By analyzing successful case studies, such as Pratham's Read India campaign and the Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya scheme, the chapter highlights effective models for bridging the policy-practice gap. Additionally, the chapter provides evidence-based recommendations aimed at improving policy coordination, teacher quality, and community engagement to foster an inclusive and equitable literacy environment.