How we communicate about cultures : A review of systems for classifying cultures, and a proposed model for standardization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a new perspective on existing definitions of culture and systems for classifying cultures, leading to a standardized model for describing and categorizing cultures. Design/methodology/approach – A review of the literature on definitions of culture and systems for classifying cultures is presented; a model for standardization of these definitions and systems is proposed, illustrated, and described; the potential benefits to cultural researchers of a comprehensive, standardized model are presented. Findings – There is a need for a comprehensive, standardized model for definition and classification of cultures; creation of such a model is possible by combining elements from existing, segmented definitions and classification systems. Research limitations/implications – A standardized classification model is offered as a basis for cultural research, subject to adoption and validation by researchers worldwide. Practical implications – If the proposed standardized model is adopted and validated by researchers worldwide, study findings will be communicated more clearly and more widely, and the quality and global application value of cultural research will be enhanced. Originality/value – A review of the literature reveals segmented studies on cultures but no generally accepted model for looking at the “big picture” of human cultures, their evolution and interactions; the proposed model offers a framework for such a perspective.