Hydrogeomorphological mapping as a tool in groundwater exploration

Hydrogeomorphological maps have a useful importance in exploration hydrogeology, engineering geosciences, geotechnical engineering and planning. The role of geomorphology is decisive to correctly evaluate groundwater resources. Hard-rock hydrogeological systems commonly exhibit complex geological and morphological features. This study highlights methodological guidelines for the preparation of hydrogeomorphological maps to support groundwater conceptual modelling, as well as for hydrogeological surveys and environmental sustainability issues. Cartographic techniques can provide an accurate way of improving the knowledge on groundwater and surface water circulation and the overall functioning of aquifer systems. A comprehensive evaluation of these subjects has been completed during the preparation of hydrogeomorphological maps for the Alardo groundwater system and Touca hydromineral system, both located on Gardunha mountain in Central Portugal. Thematic maps were prepared mainly from satellite imagery analysis, topographic, geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological field surveys. This information was presented to outline the recharge potential areas and infiltration rates. The paper also contributes to hydrogeomorphological mapping design and the conceptual model of groundwater in fractured hard-rock aquifer systems.