Industry 4.0-enabled supply chain performance : do supply chain capabilities and innovation matter?

Background: The present study investigates Industry 4.0's (I4.0) impact on supply chain capabilities (SCCs), supply chain innovation (SCI), and supply chain performance (SCP). The influence of SCCs and SCI on SCP is also explored. Additionally, the mediating impacts of SCCs and SCI on the I4.0-SCP relationship are analyzed. Methods: The study's population consisted of manufacturing companies located in Amman, Jordan. A purposive sample of 211 companies was selected. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by targeted managers in the participating companies. Results: The outcomes indicated that the total impact of I4.0 on SCP was significant and positive. I4.0 positively affected both SCCs and SCI. Additionally, SCCs and SCI were found to positively affect SCP. Finally, the results demonstrated a full mediating impact of SCCs and SCI on the I4.0-SCP relationship, with over two-thirds of the mediation impact attributed to SCCs. Conclusions: This research is among the earliest to examine I4.0's impact on SCP. It also fills a research gap by exploring I4.0's influence on both SCCs and SCI. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the mediation effect of SCCs and SCI on the I4.0-SCP relationship, thus providing a valuable contribution to the existing literature.