Is the Government Fiscally Blind? An Empirical Examination of the Effect of the Compensation Requirement on Eminent Domain Exercises

We empirically test the fiscal illusion hypothesis in the takings context. Israeli law allows local governments to expropriate up to 40% of any parcel without compensation. In 2001, the Israeli Supreme Court created a carve-out for takings of 100%, requiring full compensation in such cases. We analyzed data for 3,140 takings cases in Tel Aviv between 1990 and 2014. There was no disproportionate share of takings of just under 40%. Nor was there a long-term drop in the share of 100% takings post-2001. Although a short-term drop in the share of 100% takings followed the 2001 decision, the trend was later reversed, and the share of 100% takings surpassed the pre-2001 level. Our findings do not corroborate the fiscal illusion hypothesis in its strict form. Rather, they lend qualified support to the hypothesis that takings practices are largely shaped by planning needs and fairness considerations