L'énigme des exportations revisitée. Que faut-il retenir des données de panel ?

The starting point of the paper comes from the inability of standard models to explain the recent evolution of exports in industrialized countries. The long term price and income elasticities are unstable and the cointegration hypothesis is rejected. We consider explaining exports in a panel model using unit root and cointegration tests. This approach is fully suited as it allows for various hypotheses on the heterogeneity of parameters. It seems that the standard approach is not systematically rejected. We also introduced non price factors to take into account the effect of quality, the existence of supply constraints and the world trade openness. The panel and individual equations are successfully improved. Cointegration hypothesis is accepted and estimates are generally consistent. JEL classification: C330, F140, F170.