Markets for Electricity in Europe

Competition in the electricity industry requires properly functioning wholesale markets. This paper discusses the better-established electricity markets of Europe, in the Nordic countries, England and Wales, and Spain. The different market designs can all produce efficient outcomes, if not hindered by market power. Long-term contracts provide some defence against market power, and give price stability to promote investment. Competition in electricity retailing may discourage retailers from signing long-term contracts in future. Copyright 2001, Oxford University Press.