Modeling, control and simulation of a PV/FC/UC based hybrid power generation system for stand-alone applications

Different energy sources and converters need to be integrated to meet sustained load demands while accommodating various natural conditions. This paper focuses on the integration of photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and ultra-capacitor (UC) systems for sustained power generation. In the proposed system, during adequate insolation, the PV system feeds the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen for future use and transfers energy to the load side if possible. Whenever the PV system cannot completely meet load demands, the FC system provides power to meet the remaining load. If the rate of load demand increases the outside limits of FC capability, the UC bank meets the load demand above that which is provided by PV and FC systems. The main contribution of this work is the hybridization of alternate energy sources with FC systems using long and short-term storage strategies with appropriate power controllers and control strategies to build an autonomous system, with a pragmatic design and dynamic model proposed for a PV/FC/UC hybrid power generation system. The model is developed and applied in the MATLAB®, Simulink® and SimPowerSystems® environment, based on the mathematical and electrical models developed for the proposed system.