Modeling non-normality using multivariate t : implications for asset pricing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that multivariate t -distribution assumption provides a better description of stock return data than multivariate normality assumption. Design/methodology/approach The EM algorithm is applied to solve the statistical estimation problem almost analytically, and the asymptotic theory is provided for inference. Findings The authors find that the multivariate normality assumption is almost always rejected by real stock return data, while the multivariate t -distribution assumption can often be adequate. Conclusions under normality vs under t can be drastically different for estimating expected returns and Jensen’s α s, and for testing asset pricing models. Practical implications The results provide improved estimates of cost of capital and asset moment parameters that are useful for corporate project evaluation and portfolio management. Originality/value The authors proposed new procedures that makes it easy to use a multivariate t -distribution, which models well the data, as a simple and viable alternative in practice to examine the robustness of many existing results.