Modeling the Economic History of the Ganges: From Early Times to Gupta

This paper presents a mathematical economic model to analyze the trade dynamics along the Ganges River, focusing on the interactions among political stability, technological advancement, guild productivity, and the supply-demand mechanism. The model employs principles from Classical Economics and incorporates elements of Keynesian trade theory. Through a series of equations, we derive equilibrium conditions that describe the economic interactions in the Ganges Valley until the end of the Gupta period. The formulation accounts for diminishing returns, interdependencies among factors, and their combined effects on trade volume.