The growth of “new mobility services (NMS)” poses challenges for traditional public transport operators because they create an environment where travelers can demand an “integrated mobility” from different transport modes and improve their accessibility. Traditional public transport systems are either over or underused since the demand for public transit is not efficiently covered by the current system. Hereupon, delay time is enhanced, crowdedness creates discomfort for public transport users, and the challenge of the provision of an adequate level of public transport infrastructures and service levels can be seen. Considerable percentage of the current public transport routes do not have the desired performance. Accordingly, lines with high maintenance costs, lack of proper coverage, and low demand are seen in the traditional public transport systems. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a recent innovative transport concept, anticipated to oblige significant changes in the current transport practices. However, there is obscurity surrounding the concept; it is uncertain what are the core characteristics of MaaS and in which way they can be addressed (1). MaaS bundles different transport modes to offer a tailored mobility package for seamless travel utilizing different modes. MaaS is often proposed as a tool for achieving sustainable mobility and, in particular, increasing the share of public transport trips in cities (2). This research tries to look at the traditional public transport based on MaaS concept, and redesign traditional networks in such a way that the concepts of sustainable transport are taken into account. According to the results of this study, new public transport hubs as MaaS stations are designed, and demand will be distributed on the network in such a way that micro mobility transport modes like bicycle and scooter support traditional public transport systems. MaaS alone will not achieve sustainable transport objectives. However, it could make it more convenient to choose sustainable travel options for public transport users. This research develops a mathematical optimization model that coordinates four types of stations for each node in the network. This model includes many realistic conditions for each transport mode and travelers are put into different groups depending on their origin-destination pairs and the station and transfer choices. Then, the model determines the priority of each node and tries to redesign low-demand sections of the traditional public transport network based on the MaaS concept. It means that low demand stations are covered by bicycle, scooter and Uber and the travelers can access to destinations through these modes. Four types of stations are “Transit (this station services the travelers by bus)”, “MaaS (this station services the travelers by bike and scooter)”, “Transit+MaaS (this station services the travelers by bus, bike, scooter, and Uber)”, and “None (walking is the only way to access such stations)”. A hypothetical network consisting of 100 nodes is considered to investigate the proposed optimization model. The number of public transit lines, cost of operators and travelers, and total demand have been hypothesized to simplify the evaluation process of the model
