Multi-regional technological learning in the energysystems MARKAL model

This paper describes the implementation of multi-regional endogenous technological learning in the energy optimisation MARKAL model. A mapping procedure is implemented to group learning technologies inside one region or across several regions in a flexible way, in order to allow them to learn together. The approach is described and an illustrative example examining the response of a multi-regional global electricity generation system is presented. The multi-regional learning framework allows the examination of the spatial interactions and mechanisms that affect the technological learning processes in global energy systems. The mutual interactions between the learning and emission trading mechanisms are highlighted. Although emphasis is given to energy modelling, some policy insights can be gained. The results highlight the importance of fostering international cooperation to stimulate the learning process of emerging energy technologies.