Nature-based solutions : state of the art in EU-funded projects

This document summarises outcomes from the EC individual expert reports delivered through its 'Valorisation of NBS Projects' initiative. EU research and innovation projects were scanned for results pertaining to key areas such as biodiversity, climate change mitigation and adaptation (including flooding), water quality, air quality and microclimate, sustainable communities, innovative governance and business models, and market challenges and solutions. Evidence from the reviewed projects (and the EC's NBS policy topic area) is framed within knowledge from the wider literature, to give as full a picture as possible about the state of the art. Contextualised information is provided on policy developments, research results and key lessons. The resulting evidence base includes figures and monetary values showing the relative cost-effectiveness of NBS, and exploring how they support policy implementation. Policy recommendations and knowledge gaps are also highlighted to support the strengthening of strategies and practical action for the uptake of NBS, to deliver targeted and efficient interventions to help solve societal challenges in Europe and beyond.