Navigating the complex realities of electric vehicle adoption : a comprehensive study of government strategies, policies, and incentives

Management of sustainable transportation currently is one of the most important aspects of a country's or a region's development from an economic and social point of view considering the net zero requirements The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is recognized as an essential means of achieving global net-zero emission goals. To promote their widespread adoption, the challenges they face must be addressed. These challenges are divided into several categories: infrastructure, adoption, costs, energy transition, awareness, and market-related challenges. Robust regulatory frameworks and incentive policies must be implemented to overcome most of these challenges. For EV adoption to increase rapidly and steadily, such frameworks must include fiscal and non-fiscal incentives that will encourage the masses to convert to EVs. The key findings of the work include identification of several barrier not widely discussed in the literature, emphasizing the need for non-fiscal incentives for EV adoption, and presenting a comprehensive analysis of various incentive policies alongside a detailed implementation framework. The implementation framework provides research directions for academics, engineers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders regarding further refinement and enhancement of policy incentives to facilitate the widespread adoption of EVs.