Non-linear three-dimensional finite element modeling of radial tires

A finite element tire model was developed in this study. In the model, the rubber compounds in tires were simulated by the incompressible element which was treated with based on the Lagrangian multipliers method. The non-linear mechanical properties of the elastomers were modeled by the Mooney–Rivilin model. The corresponding material constants of elastomers were obtained from experimental data. Belts, carcass and bead were modeled by the equivalent orthotropic material model in which the effective moduli were determined from the individual material properties of the rubber compound and cord based on the Halpin–Tsai equations. The contact constraint of a radial tire structure with flat foundation and rigid rim was treated with using the variable constraint method. For the large deformation description of tires, the Lagrangian method was used here. Numerical results showed that the model’ reliability and convergency are fairly good.