Nuclear Energy between Past and Future. An Assessment based on the Concept of Risk

The objective of this article is to carry out an assessment of nuclear energy in the context of energy policy. Its background is the so called "nuclear revival" expected by some decision-makers. In particular, we discuss the role that this form of energy can play to improve electricity supply security. Our assessment is based on the concept of risk. We identify the main risks provoked by nuclear energy and we present the problems related to their management. We take into consideration the risks related to the environment, health, technology, economics, society and policy. We show that nuclear energy can contribute to guarantee the electricity supply in the XXI century. However, we stress that this technology brings about major risks. It represents an "unfortunate necessity" and should be considered as a transitional technology, waiting for the development of renewable energy and the implementation of less energy intensive lifestyles.