1. Introduction -- 2. Average Utilitarianism -- 3. Classical Utilitarianism: First Best Solutions -- 4. Classical Utilitarianism: Second Best Solutions -- (1) A Neo-classical Technology -- (2) A Fixed Coefficient Technology -- (3) The Dependency Ratio -- 5. Exhaustible Resources: First Best Solutions -- (1) The Model -- (2) A Population Externality -- (3) Doomsday -- (4) A Wealth Effect -- 6. An Alternative Framework -- References.